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WorldatWork Excel Tips

WorldatWork Excel Tips

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Excel Tips for Total Rewards Professionals is a new column dedicated to those who use Microsoft Excel. These tips are intended to be useful when working with compensation data and may save hours of time, if used effectively. Topics covered in this column include efficient formatting of data, statistics, sub-totals, pivot tables, data validation and graphs.

How To Create a Range Penetration Graph - week 69
March 16, 2010
A range penetration graph shows where employee salaries are positioned within the pay scale range. It is useful to look at it together with the employee¿s performance rating or with a rating of their experience/competence ...
How to Edit Charts in Excel 2007 - week 68
March 9, 2010
In this final column of the graphing series I will look at some further editing options on Excel 2007 that we have not yet covered in the other columns.
How to Edit Charts in Excel 2003 - week 67
March 2, 2010
In the graphing series so far we have covered a number of ways to edit graphs. It is impossible (without writing 100 columns!) to cover in detail all the ways that you can edit charts in Excel, as there are endless possibilities.
How to Create a Dual Axis Graph - week 66
February 23, 2010
Sometimes we wish to examine the relationship between two sets of data by graphing them together on one graph, even though they have completely different scales.
How to Create Pay Scale Charts Using Stock Charts - week 65
February 16, 2010
There is another way to produce pay scales with pay scale values on them using stock charts. This is a much simpler method, but the pay scales look less elegant and less like traditional pay scales.
How to Add Pay Scale Values to a Pay Scale Stacked Column Chart - week 64
February 9, 2010
Last week we learned how to create pay scale charts using a stacked column chart. This created a traditional pay scale chart as shown below. Note that I have deleted the legend.
How to Create a Pay Scale Stacked Column Chart - week 63
February 2, 2010
In the series on regression analysis (weeks 52 to 58) I showed how to create scattergrams for employee salary data by grade and how to add pay scales to the scattergram.
How to Create a Pie Chart - week 62
January 26, 2010
Pie charts are very useful when you want to illustrate the percentage share of the total of each element that you are graphing, and when the order of the data is not important.
How to Create a Comparative Column and Line Chart - week 61
January 19, 2010
An excellent way to illustrate comparison to market is to create a graph showing the organization¿s market index for each position or grade as a column, and then to show the market as a straight line equalling 100.
How to Create Column and Bar Charts In Excel 2007 - week 60
January 12, 2010
Last week we looked at how to create column and bar charts in Excel 2003. This week we will repeat the process using Excel 2007.
How to Create Column and Bar Charts In Excel 2003 - week 59
January 5, 2010
Excel has extensive graphing capabilities, but we tend to use certain types of graphs more than others depending on the work that we do. So, in this series, I will concentrate on those types of graphs that I think are most useful for total rewards work.
A Method of Testing for Pay Discrimination Using Multiple Regression Residuals - week 58
December 15, 2009
There are many legitimate factors that affect pay, such as grade, skills, responsibility, geographical area and performance. What we want to test for in pay discrimination is whether the pay level is being affected by non-legitimate factors, such as gender, race or ethnic background.
How to do Multi-Linear Regression - week 57
December 8, 2009
In rewards work, multi-linear regression is used primarily to predict pay based on multiple factors. It is appropriate where multiple factors can provide a better prediction of pay than just one factor.
How to Add Market Data and Pay Ranges to a Scattergram - week 56
December 1, 2009
Last week we created a scattergram and exponential trend line for a set of grades and basic salary data. We then plotted the trend line get a base pay policy line, but acknowledged that this would provide a good fit for the internal data, but did not take into account any market data.
How to do Exponential Regression Using a Scattergram - week 55
November 24, 2009
Often in pay, we are looking not for a linear regression, but an exponential regression, as pay increases by a percentage per level, not by a constant amount, and the relationship between grades and pay is therefore normally exponential.
How to do Linear Regression Using the Add-In Regression Analysis Function - week 54
November 17, 2009
As with the intercept and slope formula, the regression analysis function always produces the best linear fit for the data, so it cannot be used where there is an exponential relationship between pay and grades.
How to do Linear Regression Using Formulae - week 53
November 10, 2009
Last week we used linear regression to create a base pay policy line/pay scale midpoints for a set of salaries and evaluation points. We did this by creating a scattergram and linear trend line for the data set, and using the formula generated by the trend line to plot the policy line.
How to do Linear Regression Using a Scattergram - week 52
November 3, 2009
Regression Analysis, while it sounds complex, is really just about finding a line of best fit for a set of data. The line of best fit may be straight or curved, and the data set may involve one or more variables. In rewards work, regression analysis is used for three main purposes.
How To Use Data Tables - week 51
October 27, 2009
The last function in the What-If suite that we will look at is the Data Table function. This is one of the most powerful of the What-If functions, as it enables you to substitute a range of values in a formula and determine the results of the formula.
How To Use the Scenario Manager Function - week 50
October 20, 2009
The third function in the What-If suite of functions is Scenario Manager. Scenario Manager allows you to create a number of scenarios, each scenario being a set of values for a worksheet. Once you have saved the scenarios, you can switch to any of the scenarios ...
How to Use the Solver Function - week 49
October 13, 2009
Last week we examined how Goal Seek can help you achieve an end result by adjusting a variable used to achieve that end result. The add-in function, Solver, performs a very similar function, but allows for multiple input variables and a variety of conditions.
How To Use Goal Seek - week 48
October 6, 2009
Excel has a range of What-If functions that enable you to carry out a variety of what if analyses: Goal Seek, Scenario Manager, Data Table and Solver. They are very useful for modelling alternative scenarios ...
How to Use SUMIF, SUMIFS, AVERAGEIF AND AVERAGEIFS Formulae - week 47
September 29, 2009
In this last column of the IF formulae series, we will look at how to use the SUMIF, SUMIFS, AVERAGEIF and AVERAGEIFS range of formulae, which are of great value in rewards work. The sum and average formulae work in identical ways, so it is useful to look at them together.
How to Use COUNTIF and COUNTIFS formulae - week 46
September 22, 2009
COUNTIF counts how many values in a data range are greater than, less than, equal to or not equal to a particular value. COUNTIFS performs the same function, but allows you to use multiple criteria.
How to Use IFERROR and IF(ISERROR) Formulae - week 45
September 15, 2009
When you are working with vlookup formulae and with average calculations in large spreadsheets, you often get a #N/A message where the vlookup formula cannot find an exact match, or a #DIV/0! message where Excel is trying to calculate an average and there is no data in the cells being averaged.
How to Use IF(AND) and IF(OR) Formulae - week 44
September 8, 2009
Because all three of these conditions must apply for an employee to be eligible for a share grant, we can use the IF(AND) formula to calculate eligibility. The IF(AND) formula checks if a number of conditions apply. If they all apply, the value if true is placed in the cell, otherwise the value if false is placed in the cell.
How to Use IF and Nested IF Formulae - week 43
September 1, 2009
Starting with the basic IF formula, I have found that the best way to ensure you are using the correct logic in the formula is to use the IF function wizard, rather than simply trying to write the formula.
How To Create Different Statistics Within One Subtotal Table - week 42
August 25, 2009
While this function is very useful, one of its limitations is that you can only create one type of subtotal in a single subtotal table, and you cannot create medians, quartiles or percentiles in a subtotal table.
How To Use Nested Subtotals - week 41
August 18, 2009
This week we will explore how to create nested subtotals, which are effectively subtotals within subtotals.
How To Use Subtotals - week 40
August 11, 2009
The Subtotal function on Microsoft Excel is an invaluable function for total rewards professionals, as it enables you to insert subtotals using a variety of statistics for as many columns as you wish and based on any field in your database.
How To Use the Sort and Custom Sort Function - week 39
August 4, 2009
This function enables you to insert subtotals, in the form of averages, sums, counts or a number of other statistics by grade, job category, region or any other field that you choose.
How to Set up Data Protection - week 38
July 28, 2009
This week we will look at how to protect the form to ensure consistency and prevent users from deleting your formulae or settings, how to hide supporting sheets that you don¿t want users to see and how to protect the workbook ...
How to Set Up Other Types of Data Validation - week 37
July 21, 2009
Last week we showed how to set up data validation for an employee details form field based on a list. We will continue with other types of data validation this week.
How to Set Up Data Validation From a List - week 36
July 14, 2009
When you design forms or documents for other people to complete, you want the data entered to be as consistent as possible. This is particularly important if you are using the data for Vlookup formulae, or ...
How to Check Sets of Data Against Each Other - week 35
July 7, 2009
Continuing with our two column series on checking data, we will look this week at how to check two sets of data that should match against one another, and how to check two sets of data to determine if they contain the same or different records.
Techniques for Checking Data - week 34
June 30, 2009
There are a number of techniques in Excel that are very useful for checking data or comparing sets of data that should match. In the next two columns, we will look at some of the techniques that can be used to check ...
How to Use Conditional Formatting Based on Formulae - week 33.html
June 23, 2009
When you set conditional formatting based on the data in the cell, you can set the formatting for a whole column of data at one time. However, when you base the formatting on a formula, ...
How to Use Conditional Formatting - week 32
June 16, 2009
Conditional formatting is a very useful tool that enables you to highlight data that meets certain criteria. The tool is interactive, so if the data changes, the data highlighted will change too.
How to Extract Unique Records - week 31
June 9, 2009
We often need to extract unique records from a list of data. For example, we may wish to obtain a list of all the job titles that exist in the organization, but there are many people on the payroll with the same job title.
How to Use the Custom Data Filter - week 30
June 2, 2009
The custom data filter is even more powerful than the data filter because it allows you to filter down to values that meet specific criteria.
How to Validate and Protect Data - week 29
May 26, 2009
We need to ensure that the data submitted to and extracted from salary surveys is correct and in the right format, and that the data used for increases and incentive calculations is correct and up to date.
How To Show Source Data in a Pivot Table Category and Create Pivot Charts - week 28
May 19, 2009
Let us assume we have created the following pivot table, and wish to know which employees are making up the total cash cost in Technical Exempt, as this amount is very high.
How To Sort Data and Select Specific Fields In The Pivot Table - week 27
May 12, 2009
Once you have created a pivot table, the default sort order in the pivot is ascending, but allows a manual override. You can change this sort order by simply dragging field categories to a different place.
How To Refresh and Group Data in a Pivot Table - week 26
April 28, 2009
Once you have created a pivot table, your original data may change, and you then want to update the pivot table. Note that this update does not happen automatically.
How To Use the Field Settings Options in the Pivot Table - week 25
April 21, 2009
In pivot tables, you often want to compare data across different areas (e.g. average salary for a grade or job category across functions, divisions or regions) and you can do this by using...
How To Use the Page Area and Show Pages function in the Pivot Table - week 24
April 14, 2009
This week we will explore how to use the page area of the pivot table, and how to use the show pages function.
How To Create a Pivot Table - week 23
April 7, 2009
Pivot tables are interactive tables that enable you to summarize and analyze data in a multitude of ways.
How To Use the Histogram Function To Create a Distribution Table and Graph - week 22
March 31, 2009
You may wish to examine sample data (i.e., company or survey pay data in a grade or job category, or performance ratings) to determine how it is distributed.
How to Use the Sumproduct Formula to Calculate a Weighted Average - week 21
March 24, 2009
Sometimes we have data where we have values and the number of times that each value occurs. For example, in a set of survey data for a job, we might have the average pay data for each company in the survey, and the number of ...
Conditional Sum - week 20
March 17, 2009
Excel has a very helpful function called the Conditional Sum Wizard that enables you to sum values in a column based on certain criteria. For example, you might want to calculate the sum of performance bonuses...
Correlations - week 19
March 10, 2009
It is often useful in compensation work to establish the strength of the relationship between two sets of data. This can be done by drawing up a scattergram of the two sets of data and/or by establishing the statistical correlation...
Descriptive Statistics - week 18
March 3, 2009
Excel has a very helpful function called Descriptive Statistics, which calculates most of the statistics covered in the last five columns, and a few additional ones, all at one time.
Skewness and Kurtosis - week 17
February 24, 2009
When you have a sample of data, for example company or survey data in a grade or job category, you may wish to examine the distribution of this data to determine if it is skewed or evenly distributed.
Measures of Variance - week 16
February 17, 2009
There are a number of formulae that can be used to measure the variance in a data set. These can either be measured directly or can be derived from ...
Measures of Location - week 15
February 10, 2009
Excel contains a number of formulae that measure location or positions in a data set. The most valuable of these for compensation data are the minimum, maximum, lower quartile, upper quartile and percentile.
Measures of Central Tendency - week 14
February 3, 2009
Excel contains a number of formulae that measure central tendency or different types of average. The most valuable of these for compensation data are the average, median and mode.
Statistics and Compensation Data - week 13
January 27, 2009
There are four count formulae in Excel 2003 and five in Excel 2007. We will cover the four that are common to both versions, count, counta, countblank and countif.
How to Use Isna and Iserror Functions - week 12
January 20, 2009
When using the vlookup or hlookup functions, Excel sometimes cannot find a match for the data being looked up. This particularly happens when using employee number ...
How To Name Ranges - week 11
January 13, 2009
You can make the table / range absolute by using the F4 key to add dollar signs before the column letters and row numbers. However, another way to make the table / range absolute ...
How To Use the hlookup Formula - week 10
January 6, 2009
Hlookup (the h stands for horizontal) performs exactly the same function as vlookup, i.e. it enables you to take data from a separate table, spreadsheet or workbook and incorporate it into your original data.
How To Use the vlookup Formula - week 9
December 23, 2008
Excel has certain functionality built into in it, such as lookup formulae and lists, which enable it to act like a relational database.
How to Calculate Working Days Between Dates - week 8
December 15, 2008
Sometimes we need to calculate the number of working days between two dates. For example, if an employee has put in a leave application, and leave is processed manually, ...
How To Calculate Age, Length of Employment or Time in Job - week 7
December 8, 2008
As HR and compensation practitioners, we regularly need to calculate employees¿ age, their length of employment with the company or time in job.
How To Format Dates - week 6
December 1, 2008
In order to format a date, select the cell or cells with the dates in them. The dates must be Excel dates with an underlying serial number.
How To Convert Text Dates To Formatted Dates - week 5
November 24, 2008
What is important to understand about dates is that Excel can format them in many different ways, but regardless of the formatting, the date is actually stored as a sequential number called a serial value.
How To Convert Text to Numbers - week 4
November 17, 2008
Sometimes numerical data downloaded into Excel from a payroll or other source is imported as text instead of a numerical value.
How To Convert Data from Two or More Columns to One Column - week 3
November 10, 2008
Sometimes you need to convert data from two or more columns into one column. For example, when you divided up the name into first name and surname using a space as a separator, ...
How to Convert Data from One Column to Two or More Columns - week 2
November 3, 2008
Sometimes you need to convert data from one column to two or more columns in order to work with the data or use it in a sort.
How to Set Column Width and Row Height for a Whole Excel Worksheet - week 1
October 27, 2008
If you need to set optimum column width for a number of different columns, do not do this one column at a time.

About the Author

Dianne Auld
Auld Compensation Consulting
Dianne Auld has more than 20 years of compensation experience. She runs her own consulting practice, Auld Compensation Consulting, in Cape Town, South Africa. She consults in all areas of compensation, runs a number of her own training courses, and trains the GRP courses in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Angola. She also works part time for Pick n Pay, a leading retailer, where she advises on compensation policies and practices. Dianne runs a course, Excel Skills for Remuneration Practitioners, which served as the inspiration for this column.